When the value becomes 100%, saturated unit weight is used for computation. with water (Figure 2.3)âthe relationship for saturated unit weight can be derived in a similar manner: where â saturated unit weight of soil. Simply stated, it is the unit weight of a saturated material divided by the unit weight of water and is computed as follows: Gs(ssd) = (1 + Absorption) x Gs(dry). If the soil is saturated,and you have measured the water content (a $10.00 test) you can assume a specific gravity for the soil (2.65 for sand and 2.7 for clays are typical values) and then use the following equation to estimate the total unit weight: ((1+w)(gamaw))/(w + 1/G) where G= specific gravity gamaw =unit weight of water G s is the specific gravity of the solid: e is the void ratio: γ w is the unit weight of water: γ s is the saturated unit weight of the material x) Saturated unit weight . Soil is a 3 phase system namely air, water and solids. (2.18) As mentioned before, because it is convenient to work with densities, the following equations [similar to the unitâweight relationships given in Eqs. sample in its natural, fully saturated state attributable to the interstitial fluid, W = that part of the total weight in grams of a sample in its natural, fully saturated state attributable to its solid components. It spe-cifically excludes solids dissolved in the inter-stitial water. for a saturated soil results in a reduction in dry unit weight. The bulk unit weight when the soil is fully saturated is known as saturated unit weight. This line is known as the zero air voids line. The dry unit weight, denoted g d, is often termed the dry density and has particular importance in field control of soil compaction. The saturated unit weight, denoted g sat, is the total unit weight that would be obtained if the air voids were filled with an equal volume of water (S = 100% and Vw = V). For example, if the dry unit weight of a soil is about 115 pcf, the saturated unit weight would normally be about 125 pcf. When, it is between 0 and 100%, then bulk unit weight is used. Unit weight of a soil mass is the ratio of the total weight of soil to the total volume of soil. Soil has space in between the solids called voids (space occupied by aur and water). Water content of soil is the weight of soil per unit weight of solids. The ratio of the weight of saturated solid soi to the unit total volume is called saturated unit weight.l . Dry unit weight of soil plus unit weight of water does not equal saturated unit weight. When, the degree of saturation is nil, then dry unit weight is used for total stress computation. The relation between the moisture content and dry unit weight for saturated soil is shown on the graph in Figure 3. i.e, Ysat=Wsat/V . Unit Weight, g, is usually determined in the laboratory by measuring the weight and volume of a relatively undisturbed soil sample obtained from a brass ring.Measuring unit weight of soil in the field may consist of a sand cone test, rubber balloon or nuclear densiometer. For example, a sample of sand having an absorption of 5% and a specific gravity of 2.63 has a bulk specific gravity saturated surface dry that is computed as follows: In addition, water pressure should be added below the water surface at its unit weight times the depth. Partially saturated soil sample has moisture content 22 % and bulk density 2 gm/cc, if the specific gravity of the solid particle is 2.65 and the density of water be taken as 1 gm/cc find out the degree of saturation, void ratio, prosity, saturated unit weight, and the effective unit weight.
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