. However its most common use is to combine it with formaldehyde, to create a melamine resin which is a type of plastic. Thus, MF resin can be molded into products of light color. Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5 triazine, CAS nr. When heated, they become hard and infusible due to the cross-linking between the polymer chains. Melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins are primarily made up of melamine and formaldehyde with formaldehyde acting as the crosslinker. A. Isotactic B. Syndiotactic C. Atactic D. Branched 12. Melamine can also show considerable contribution to the formation of a char layer in the intumescent process. Polymer Technologies is an acoustic foam supplier with a history of producing the highest quality sound absorption materials for manufacturers. added to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of it Melamine can also be converted to foam structures with a distinctive pore structure, which is extremely hard. large molecule or a macromolecule which essentially is a combination of many subunits that cover a broad range of properties and cure speeds varying from very slow to very fast cure. and paper. In this type of polymers, monomers are linked together to form a three-dimensional network. Ce dernier est catégorisé comme un matériau d’entrée de gamme mais cela ne signifie pas une mauvaise option. Another, even larger, heat sink effect is generated by the subsequent decomposition of the melamine vapors. polyol resins. Melamine formaldehyde (also called melamine or MF) is a hard, very durable, and versatile thermosetting aminoplast1 with good fire and heat resistance. It is then used to cross-link with alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, and polyester resins, used in surface coatings. Chain Growth Polymerisation or Addition Polymerisation The resin blend is called melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF). Difference between Melamine Polish and PU Polish. Unlike phenolics, they are clear and colorless. from a wide range of surfaces. However, the preferred molecular weight ranges from about 500 to about 50,000, and the most preferred molecular weight ranges from about 500 to about 5,000. As a result, they also become three dimensional in nature. 106-78-1) is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 354°C and a density of 1.573 grams/cc. Peut être peinte après séchage complet (tous types de peintures) L'inconvénient de la colle polymère : La colle polymère est un peu plus chère qu'une colle acrylique. resulting in three-dimensional thermoset polymer networks. Major manufacturers of MF resins are La mélamine est un produit de base qui s'est grandement amélioré durant les 5 dernières années avec l'arrivée sur le marché de couleurs très tendances et également de textures. It is a compound with six functional groups, composed of thermally resistant aromatic s-triazine ring, whose presence makes plastics produced from melamine more thermally resistant. Such as … Far below its melting point, already at >200°C, melamine is known to vaporize or sublime (diluting the fuel gases and oxygen near the combustion source). It is often blended with UF resins to improve the This type of tableware is manufactured with a substance called melamine-formaldehyde resin. Another source of inert dilluent is the ammonia which is released during breakdown of the melamine or self-condensation of the melamine fraction which does not sublimate. google_ad_type="text_image"; Which one of the following is not a condensation polymer? (i) Linear polymer: These polymers consist of long and straight chains. composite boards and overlay materials have improved heat, moisture, scratch, and chemicals resistance. It can be used as an insulating and soundproofing material and more recently as a cleaning Melamine is extremely difficult to break, but there have been instances of chipping around the edges of melamine dishware when it's handled very roughly. Melamine is or has been used in the manufacture of Question 23. functional groups follows the order of - SH > - OH > - CONH2 > - scratch and flame resistance and also acts as a flame retardant. Such as polythene, polyvinyl chloride etc. 1 Melamine formaldehyde resin can be molded into product of light color … These polymers are brittle and hard. moisture and heat resistance, but they are also more expensive. (Etherified) hexamethylolmelamine and pure melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) are google_ad_format="120x600_as"; The properties of melamine including better hardness, flame retardant, abrasion resistance, thermal stability and moisture resistance which lead to wide industrial applications of melamine formaldehyde. A few common thermosetting polymers are bakelite, melamine-formaldehyde resin and urea formaldehyde resin. The monomers contain strong covalent bonds as they are composed of bi-functional and tri-functional in nature. To improve the solubility in solvents, melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins, and the Which compound form linear polymer … google_color_url="A30000"; Programmed gelation of polymers using melamine resins . Melamine can be regarded as a "poor fuel" having a heat of combustion of only 40% of that of hydrocarbons. A. Dacron B. Neoprene C. Melamine D. Glyptal 2. Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a resin with melamine rings terminated with multiple hydroxyl groups derived from formaldehyde. Last but not least melamine can act as blowing agent for the char, enhancing the heat barrier functionality of the char layer. Orientation of monomer units in a polymer molecule A. Tacticity B. Graft C. Linear D. Monomer arrangement 11. They are used to crosslink alkyds, epoxies, and polyester Therefore among consumer uses, when people say “melamine” they are referring to the plastic made with it. Identify the type of polymer.-A-B-B-A-A-A-B-A-Solution: It is a copolymer, since, its repeating structural unit is derived from two types of monomer units, i.e., A and B. Melmac is a polymer of melamine and (A) glycerol (B) formaldehyde (C) cyclohexane (D) caprolactum. flame-resistant fibers and textiles. 106-78-1) is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 354°C and a density of 1.573 grams/cc.Far below its melting point, already at >200°C, melamine is known to vaporize or sublime (diluting the fuel gases and oxygen near the combustion source).When sublimating it absorbs an amount of heat of 29 kcal/mole, when decomposing it absorbs an amount of heat of ~470 kcal/mole, thus acting as a heat sink in fire situations.Additionally melamine exhibits low solubility in water and most other solvents, excellent UV absorption above 250nm and a pH of 8.1 . This thermosetting plastic material is made from melamine and formaldehyde. aprons. Arclin, It forms molecular structures that are molded, with heat, to form the shape of the tableware. Polymer resin not only offers appropriate process characteristics, but also affects the properties of the cured system, although the mechanical properties of a FRP composite are mainly dependent on the type, amount, and orientation of fiber. Novolac is a condensation polymer of formaldehyde and phenol and it is used in paints. Melamine is also used to saturate decorative paper, which is then laminated under heat and pressure, fusing the laminate onto Natural polymers … The polymer melmac is obtained by 1) Addition polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde 2) Condensation of polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde 3) Coordination polymerization of melamine 4) Free-radical polymerization of tetrafluroethylene 52. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. It is marketed under a variety of commercial names, including Polymers are both found in nature and manufactured in laboratories. hydroxyl, carboxyl and amide groups to form three-dimensional thermoset polymer networks. formation. prevent degradation of glue bonds caused by hydrolytic degradation of the UF polymers. For sound attenuation and noise reduction solutions , we offer a variety of POLYDAMP ® acoustical foam products made from melamine, polyurethane, and hydrophobic melamine … In general, MF resins are harder and stronger than phenolics but have lower moisture and heat Stable dispersions of melamine particles having a mean particle size of from 10 to 125 microns in a continuous phase preferably comprising an SAN type polymer polyol and an inorganic particulate solid having an average particle size of from 5 to 30 nanometers are disclosed. Ex:- Bakelite (used in electrical insulators), Melamine etc. Flame retardants function by interference with one of the three components that initiate and/or support combustion: heat,fuel and oxygen. Ineos, There are many types, varying from very slow to very fast curing. particleboards. The melamine reacts with formaldehyde under slightly alkaline conditions to form mixturers of various methylolmelamines: Further heating causes condensation of the methylolmelamines: The monomeric form hexamethylolmelamine and the MF resins are very versatile crosslinking agents for a wide variety of polymeric . However its most common use is to combine it with formaldehyde, to create a melamine resin which is a type of plastic. Thus, MF resin can be molded into products of light color. Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5 triazine, CAS nr. When heated, they become hard and infusible due to the cross-linking between the polymer chains. Melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins are primarily made up of melamine and formaldehyde with formaldehyde acting as the crosslinker. A. Isotactic B. Syndiotactic C. Atactic D. Branched 12. Melamine can also show considerable contribution to the formation of a char layer in the intumescent process. Polymer Technologies is an acoustic foam supplier with a history of producing the highest quality sound absorption materials for manufacturers. added to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of it Melamine can also be converted to foam structures with a distinctive pore structure, which is extremely hard. large molecule or a macromolecule which essentially is a combination of many subunits that cover a broad range of properties and cure speeds varying from very slow to very fast cure. and paper. In this type of polymers, monomers are linked together to form a three-dimensional network. Ce dernier est catégorisé comme un matériau d’entrée de gamme mais cela ne signifie pas une mauvaise option. Another, even larger, heat sink effect is generated by the subsequent decomposition of the melamine vapors. polyol resins. Melamine formaldehyde (also called melamine or MF) is a hard, very durable, and versatile thermosetting aminoplast1 with good fire and heat resistance. It is then used to cross-link with alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, and polyester resins, used in surface coatings. Chain Growth Polymerisation or Addition Polymerisation The resin blend is called melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF). Difference between Melamine Polish and PU Polish. Unlike phenolics, they are clear and colorless. from a wide range of surfaces. However, the preferred molecular weight ranges from about 500 to about 50,000, and the most preferred molecular weight ranges from about 500 to about 5,000. As a result, they also become three dimensional in nature. 106-78-1) is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 354°C and a density of 1.573 grams/cc. Peut être peinte après séchage complet (tous types de peintures) L'inconvénient de la colle polymère : La colle polymère est un peu plus chère qu'une colle acrylique. resulting in three-dimensional thermoset polymer networks. Major manufacturers of MF resins are La mélamine est un produit de base qui s'est grandement amélioré durant les 5 dernières années avec l'arrivée sur le marché de couleurs très tendances et également de textures. It is a compound with six functional groups, composed of thermally resistant aromatic s-triazine ring, whose presence makes plastics produced from melamine more thermally resistant. Such as … Far below its melting point, already at >200°C, melamine is known to vaporize or sublime (diluting the fuel gases and oxygen near the combustion source). It is often blended with UF resins to improve the This type of tableware is manufactured with a substance called melamine-formaldehyde resin. Another source of inert dilluent is the ammonia which is released during breakdown of the melamine or self-condensation of the melamine fraction which does not sublimate. google_ad_type="text_image"; Which one of the following is not a condensation polymer? (i) Linear polymer: These polymers consist of long and straight chains. composite boards and overlay materials have improved heat, moisture, scratch, and chemicals resistance. It can be used as an insulating and soundproofing material and more recently as a cleaning Melamine is extremely difficult to break, but there have been instances of chipping around the edges of melamine dishware when it's handled very roughly. Melamine is or has been used in the manufacture of Question 23. functional groups follows the order of - SH > - OH > - CONH2 > - scratch and flame resistance and also acts as a flame retardant. Such as polythene, polyvinyl chloride etc. 1 Melamine formaldehyde resin can be molded into product of light color … These polymers are brittle and hard. moisture and heat resistance, but they are also more expensive. (Etherified) hexamethylolmelamine and pure melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) are google_ad_format="120x600_as"; The properties of melamine including better hardness, flame retardant, abrasion resistance, thermal stability and moisture resistance which lead to wide industrial applications of melamine formaldehyde. A few common thermosetting polymers are bakelite, melamine-formaldehyde resin and urea formaldehyde resin. The monomers contain strong covalent bonds as they are composed of bi-functional and tri-functional in nature. To improve the solubility in solvents, melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins, and the Which compound form linear polymer … google_color_url="A30000"; Programmed gelation of polymers using melamine resins . Melamine can be regarded as a "poor fuel" having a heat of combustion of only 40% of that of hydrocarbons. A. Dacron B. Neoprene C. Melamine D. Glyptal 2. Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a resin with melamine rings terminated with multiple hydroxyl groups derived from formaldehyde. Last but not least melamine can act as blowing agent for the char, enhancing the heat barrier functionality of the char layer. Orientation of monomer units in a polymer molecule A. Tacticity B. Graft C. Linear D. Monomer arrangement 11. They are used to crosslink alkyds, epoxies, and polyester Therefore among consumer uses, when people say “melamine” they are referring to the plastic made with it. Identify the type of polymer.-A-B-B-A-A-A-B-A-Solution: It is a copolymer, since, its repeating structural unit is derived from two types of monomer units, i.e., A and B. Melmac is a polymer of melamine and (A) glycerol (B) formaldehyde (C) cyclohexane (D) caprolactum. flame-resistant fibers and textiles. 106-78-1) is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 354°C and a density of 1.573 grams/cc.Far below its melting point, already at >200°C, melamine is known to vaporize or sublime (diluting the fuel gases and oxygen near the combustion source).When sublimating it absorbs an amount of heat of 29 kcal/mole, when decomposing it absorbs an amount of heat of ~470 kcal/mole, thus acting as a heat sink in fire situations.Additionally melamine exhibits low solubility in water and most other solvents, excellent UV absorption above 250nm and a pH of 8.1 . This thermosetting plastic material is made from melamine and formaldehyde. aprons. Arclin, It forms molecular structures that are molded, with heat, to form the shape of the tableware. Polymer resin not only offers appropriate process characteristics, but also affects the properties of the cured system, although the mechanical properties of a FRP composite are mainly dependent on the type, amount, and orientation of fiber. Novolac is a condensation polymer of formaldehyde and phenol and it is used in paints. Melamine is also used to saturate decorative paper, which is then laminated under heat and pressure, fusing the laminate onto Natural polymers … The polymer melmac is obtained by 1) Addition polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde 2) Condensation of polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde 3) Coordination polymerization of melamine 4) Free-radical polymerization of tetrafluroethylene 52. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. It is marketed under a variety of commercial names, including Polymers are both found in nature and manufactured in laboratories. hydroxyl, carboxyl and amide groups to form three-dimensional thermoset polymer networks. formation. prevent degradation of glue bonds caused by hydrolytic degradation of the UF polymers. For sound attenuation and noise reduction solutions , we offer a variety of POLYDAMP ® acoustical foam products made from melamine, polyurethane, and hydrophobic melamine … In general, MF resins are harder and stronger than phenolics but have lower moisture and heat Stable dispersions of melamine particles having a mean particle size of from 10 to 125 microns in a continuous phase preferably comprising an SAN type polymer polyol and an inorganic particulate solid having an average particle size of from 5 to 30 nanometers are disclosed. Ex:- Bakelite (used in electrical insulators), Melamine etc. Flame retardants function by interference with one of the three components that initiate and/or support combustion: heat,fuel and oxygen. Ineos, There are many types, varying from very slow to very fast curing. particleboards. The melamine reacts with formaldehyde under slightly alkaline conditions to form mixturers of various methylolmelamines: Further heating causes condensation of the methylolmelamines: The monomeric form hexamethylolmelamine and the MF resins are very versatile crosslinking agents for a wide variety of polymeric

DIC. longer lifetime. materials both water- and solventborne. It may have as many as 10,000 monomers joined in long coiled chains. In one large-scale application, melamine is combined with formaldehyde and other agents to produce melamine resins. Durability: Both Melamine Polish and PU Polish offer matte and glossy finish. MF resins compete in many applications with urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenolic resins (phenoplasts). The resulting resin and polymer created from this mixture wind up being resistant to fire and very tolerant of heat. monomeric forms are often etherified with alkohols such as methanol and n-butanol. The relative reaction rate for these abrasive. Polyethylene, composed of repeating ethylene monomers, is an addition polymer. The result is a concrete with a lower porosity and a higher mechanical strength, which exhibits an improved resistance to aggressive environments and has, therefore, a There are many types, varying from very slow to very fast curing. Part 3. It is made from melamine and formaldehyde by condensation of the two monomers. Georgia-Pacific, 50. It is mainly Melamine formaldehyde (also called melamine or MF) is a hard, very durable, and versatile thermosetting aminoplast 1 with good fire and heat resistance. firemen uniforms, thermal liners, and heat resistant gloves and including kitchenware, laminates, overlay materials, particleboards, Both these types give you a wide range of finishes, from matte to satin to glossy. The char layer acts as a barrier between oxygen and polymeric decomposition gases. A type of polymer wherein the side groups are arranged in an irregular or random manner around the main chain. google_ad_client="pub-4930298091622951"; BASF, and Physical property data on over two hundred and fifty polymers, Commercial commodity and engineering plastic resins, Physical and mechanical properties of polymers, Chemical properties and synthesis of polymers. Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5 triazine, CAS nr. google_color_link="000000"; Buna-S is a polymer of 1,3-butadiene and styrene and it is used to make gaskets, tires, etc. Il y a maintenant bea… reduced labor costs. Char stability is enhanced by multi-ring structures like melem and melon, formed during self-condensation of melamine. //-->. However its most common use is to combine it with formaldehyde, to create a melamine resin which is a type of plastic. Thus, MF resin can be molded into products of light color. Melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5 triazine, CAS nr. When heated, they become hard and infusible due to the cross-linking between the polymer chains. Melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins are primarily made up of melamine and formaldehyde with formaldehyde acting as the crosslinker. A. Isotactic B. Syndiotactic C. Atactic D. Branched 12. Melamine can also show considerable contribution to the formation of a char layer in the intumescent process. Polymer Technologies is an acoustic foam supplier with a history of producing the highest quality sound absorption materials for manufacturers. added to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of it Melamine can also be converted to foam structures with a distinctive pore structure, which is extremely hard. large molecule or a macromolecule which essentially is a combination of many subunits that cover a broad range of properties and cure speeds varying from very slow to very fast cure. and paper. In this type of polymers, monomers are linked together to form a three-dimensional network. Ce dernier est catégorisé comme un matériau d’entrée de gamme mais cela ne signifie pas une mauvaise option. Another, even larger, heat sink effect is generated by the subsequent decomposition of the melamine vapors. polyol resins. Melamine formaldehyde (also called melamine or MF) is a hard, very durable, and versatile thermosetting aminoplast1 with good fire and heat resistance. It is then used to cross-link with alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, and polyester resins, used in surface coatings. Chain Growth Polymerisation or Addition Polymerisation The resin blend is called melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF). Difference between Melamine Polish and PU Polish. Unlike phenolics, they are clear and colorless. from a wide range of surfaces. However, the preferred molecular weight ranges from about 500 to about 50,000, and the most preferred molecular weight ranges from about 500 to about 5,000. As a result, they also become three dimensional in nature. 106-78-1) is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 354°C and a density of 1.573 grams/cc. Peut être peinte après séchage complet (tous types de peintures) L'inconvénient de la colle polymère : La colle polymère est un peu plus chère qu'une colle acrylique. resulting in three-dimensional thermoset polymer networks. Major manufacturers of MF resins are La mélamine est un produit de base qui s'est grandement amélioré durant les 5 dernières années avec l'arrivée sur le marché de couleurs très tendances et également de textures. It is a compound with six functional groups, composed of thermally resistant aromatic s-triazine ring, whose presence makes plastics produced from melamine more thermally resistant. Such as … Far below its melting point, already at >200°C, melamine is known to vaporize or sublime (diluting the fuel gases and oxygen near the combustion source). It is often blended with UF resins to improve the This type of tableware is manufactured with a substance called melamine-formaldehyde resin. Another source of inert dilluent is the ammonia which is released during breakdown of the melamine or self-condensation of the melamine fraction which does not sublimate. google_ad_type="text_image"; Which one of the following is not a condensation polymer? (i) Linear polymer: These polymers consist of long and straight chains. composite boards and overlay materials have improved heat, moisture, scratch, and chemicals resistance. It can be used as an insulating and soundproofing material and more recently as a cleaning Melamine is extremely difficult to break, but there have been instances of chipping around the edges of melamine dishware when it's handled very roughly. Melamine is or has been used in the manufacture of Question 23. functional groups follows the order of - SH > - OH > - CONH2 > - scratch and flame resistance and also acts as a flame retardant. Such as polythene, polyvinyl chloride etc. 1 Melamine formaldehyde resin can be molded into product of light color … These polymers are brittle and hard. moisture and heat resistance, but they are also more expensive. (Etherified) hexamethylolmelamine and pure melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) are google_ad_format="120x600_as"; The properties of melamine including better hardness, flame retardant, abrasion resistance, thermal stability and moisture resistance which lead to wide industrial applications of melamine formaldehyde. A few common thermosetting polymers are bakelite, melamine-formaldehyde resin and urea formaldehyde resin. The monomers contain strong covalent bonds as they are composed of bi-functional and tri-functional in nature. To improve the solubility in solvents, melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins, and the Which compound form linear polymer … google_color_url="A30000"; Programmed gelation of polymers using melamine resins . Melamine can be regarded as a "poor fuel" having a heat of combustion of only 40% of that of hydrocarbons. A. Dacron B. Neoprene C. Melamine D. Glyptal 2. Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a resin with melamine rings terminated with multiple hydroxyl groups derived from formaldehyde. Last but not least melamine can act as blowing agent for the char, enhancing the heat barrier functionality of the char layer. Orientation of monomer units in a polymer molecule A. Tacticity B. Graft C. Linear D. Monomer arrangement 11. They are used to crosslink alkyds, epoxies, and polyester Therefore among consumer uses, when people say “melamine” they are referring to the plastic made with it. Identify the type of polymer.-A-B-B-A-A-A-B-A-Solution: It is a copolymer, since, its repeating structural unit is derived from two types of monomer units, i.e., A and B. Melmac is a polymer of melamine and (A) glycerol (B) formaldehyde (C) cyclohexane (D) caprolactum. flame-resistant fibers and textiles. 106-78-1) is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 354°C and a density of 1.573 grams/cc.Far below its melting point, already at >200°C, melamine is known to vaporize or sublime (diluting the fuel gases and oxygen near the combustion source).When sublimating it absorbs an amount of heat of 29 kcal/mole, when decomposing it absorbs an amount of heat of ~470 kcal/mole, thus acting as a heat sink in fire situations.Additionally melamine exhibits low solubility in water and most other solvents, excellent UV absorption above 250nm and a pH of 8.1 . This thermosetting plastic material is made from melamine and formaldehyde. aprons. Arclin, It forms molecular structures that are molded, with heat, to form the shape of the tableware. Polymer resin not only offers appropriate process characteristics, but also affects the properties of the cured system, although the mechanical properties of a FRP composite are mainly dependent on the type, amount, and orientation of fiber. Novolac is a condensation polymer of formaldehyde and phenol and it is used in paints. Melamine is also used to saturate decorative paper, which is then laminated under heat and pressure, fusing the laminate onto Natural polymers … The polymer melmac is obtained by 1) Addition polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde 2) Condensation of polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde 3) Coordination polymerization of melamine 4) Free-radical polymerization of tetrafluroethylene 52. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. It is marketed under a variety of commercial names, including Polymers are both found in nature and manufactured in laboratories. hydroxyl, carboxyl and amide groups to form three-dimensional thermoset polymer networks. formation. prevent degradation of glue bonds caused by hydrolytic degradation of the UF polymers. For sound attenuation and noise reduction solutions , we offer a variety of POLYDAMP ® acoustical foam products made from melamine, polyurethane, and hydrophobic melamine … In general, MF resins are harder and stronger than phenolics but have lower moisture and heat Stable dispersions of melamine particles having a mean particle size of from 10 to 125 microns in a continuous phase preferably comprising an SAN type polymer polyol and an inorganic particulate solid having an average particle size of from 5 to 30 nanometers are disclosed. Ex:- Bakelite (used in electrical insulators), Melamine etc. Flame retardants function by interference with one of the three components that initiate and/or support combustion: heat,fuel and oxygen. Ineos, There are many types, varying from very slow to very fast curing. particleboards. The melamine reacts with formaldehyde under slightly alkaline conditions to form mixturers of various methylolmelamines: Further heating causes condensation of the methylolmelamines: The monomeric form hexamethylolmelamine and the MF resins are very versatile crosslinking agents for a wide variety of polymeric